Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder, which is closely related to abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism in recent years. By analyzing gene expression data of OSAS, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to mitochondrial energy metabolism, and further explored the function of NDUFA10 in OSAS and its potential diagnostic value. In this paper, we download OSAS related expression data from a public database and preprocess the data set using a standardized process. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to assess pathways associated with mitochondrial metabolism, and diagnostic models were constructed to assess the expression of key genes. ROC curve analysis was performed for common mitochondrial energy metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (Co-MEMRDEGs) and gene interaction networks were constructed. After data standardization, significantly differentially expressed genes were identified, among which NDUFA10 was identified as one of the genes most associated with OSAS. The constructed diagnostic model showed good prediction accuracy, and ROC curve analysis further verified its clinical diagnostic potential.